NR 565 Week 8 Final Review PowerPoint

$29.00

Contributor

Claire Forlani

Category

Nursing

Course

NR 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals

Institute

Chamberlain

Pages

78

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Final Exam Review NR56 wIinthsJternunictionth Which of the following statements is correct regarding insulin glargine? It is primarily used to control postprandial hyperglycemia It is a “peak-less” insulin The prolonged duration of activity is due to slow dissociation from alubumin. It should not be used in a regiment with insulin lispro or glulisine. A Patient with type 2 diabetes is currently being treated with insulin detemir. The NP determines that the patient needs additional insulin therapy for control of postprandial glucose. Which of the following agents is most appropriate to add at this time? Insulin degludec NPH Insulin Insulin lispro NPH/regular 70/30 insulin A patient with type 1 diabetes is prescribed insulin glulisine as part of his diabetes regimen. How should the patient be advised to take insulin glulisine? Every morning at 8 am Every night at 8 pm Anytime during the day. 15-30 minutes before each meal. Which class of oral diabetes drugs is paired most appropriately with its primary mechanism of action? DPP-4 inhibitor: inhibits breakdown of complex carbohydrates. SGLT2 inhibitor: increases urinary excretion of glucose Sulfonylurea: increases insulin sensitivity Thiazolidinedione: decreases hepatic gluconeogenesis. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial oral agent for management of type 2 diabetes in patients with no other comorbid conditions? Glipizide Empagliflozin Metformin Pioglitazone Which of the following drugs for diabetes is MOST likely to cause hypoglycemia? Glyburide Exenatide Rosiglitazone Saxagliptin A 56-year-old man with type 2 diabetes recently experienced a myocardial infarction (heart attack). He takes metformin and canagliflozin for his diabetes, and his A1c is still above goal. Which of the following drugs is most appropriate to initiate for this patient? Glipizide Liraglutide Pioglitazone Sitagliptin A patient with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes has severe chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate less than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2). Which of the following oral agents for diabetes is most appropriate for this patient? Dapagliflozin Glyburide Linagliptin Metformin Which of the following combinations of drugs for type 2 diabetes has an overlapping mechanism of action? Glipizide–repaglinide Metformin–empagliflozin Metformin–semaglutide Sitagliptin–pioglitazone 67-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes also has heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). She takes metformin for diabetes, and she has mild renal impairment. Which of the following may be beneficial to assist with management of both her diabetes and HFrEF? Dapagliflozin Exenatide Nateglinide Saxagliptin How do you confirm a diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus? When should insulin be considered? How often should you check A1C? What is the Mechanism of Action of Insulin? What are contraindications for Piolitazone? What are examples of GLP-1 (Glucagon like peptides)? How are they administered? What is the Mechanism of Action of GLP- 1? What are examples of SGLT2i (Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 inhibitors? What is the Mechanism of Action of SGLT2i? What are examples of DPP4-1 (Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors)? What is the Mechanism of Action of DPP- 4i? What are examples of TZD (Thiazolidinediones)? What is the Mechanism of Action of TZD? What is the Mechanism of Action of Sulfonylureas? What drug class should be considered for diabetes prior to insulin? What is the ratio of basal insulin to rapid-acting insulin in total daily dose (TDD) of insulin? Which diabetic medication classes come with the concern of hypoglycemia? A 29-year-old woman with complaints of fatigue and weight gain presents for her annual physical exam. Her TSH is 13.5 mIU/L (normal 0.5-4.7 mIU/L). Which of the following agents is most appropriate to treat the TSH abnormality? Levothyroxine Liothyronine Liotrix Propylthiouracil A 45-year-old woman requires levothyroxine for a new diagnosis of hypothyroidism. Her current medications include metoprolol and pravastatin. She also takes calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplements. Which of her medications may affect the levothyroxine dosage requirements? Pravastatin Calcium carbonate Metoprolol Vitamin D Which of the following symptoms indicates that a patient may need a lower dosage of levothyroxine? Bradycardia Cold intolerance Palpitations Weight gain A 26-year-old woman presents with complaints of irritability, tremor, and heart palpitations. A laboratory evaluation reveals a low TSH and high free T4 concentration. She is currently in her first trimester of pregnancy. Which of the following treatments option is most appropriate for this patient? Methimazole Propylthiouracil Radioactive iodine Surgical removal of the thyroid A 24-year-old patient is given iodide to decrease the vascularity of the thyroid gland prior to surgery. What adverse effect is the patient most likely to experience? Sore throat Fatigue Heart palpitations Headache What Labs are used to diagnosed hypo/hyper throid? What is the timeframe for recheck of labs after starting levothyroxine? What are the signs and symptoms of hypothyroidism? What is the typical medication for hypothyroidism? What are the signs and symptoms of hyperthyroidism? What is the drug of choice for hyperthyroidism? How do you treat thyroid storm? How do you take levothyroxine? What do you not take with levothyroxine? A 22-year-old woman with asthma goes hiking with her friends on a cold, windy day. While hiking, she suddenly experiences difficulty in breathing, dry cough, and chest tightness. Which of the following drugs can provide prompt relief of her symptoms? Inhaled fluticasone Inhaled beclomethasone Inhaled albuterol Inhaled salmeterol A patient with asthma complains of increasing frequency of asthma attacks. He has been using an albuterol inhaler when he has symptoms. However, this is not helping him much lately, and he is suffering from daily asthma symptoms. Which of the following is the most appropriate for management of asthma in this patient? Add salmeterol Add oral prednisone Change albuterol to budesonide/formoterol Change albuterol to salmeterol During a dental cleaning, a patient with asthma is noted to have white patches in his oral cavity, which can be easily scraped off. He states that the lesions appeared after he was started on a new inhaler for controlling his worsening asthma. Which of the following drugs most likely contributed to the symptoms this patient? Beclomethasone Cromolyn Levalbuterol Zileuton A 68-year-old man has COPD with moderate airway obstruction. Despite using salmeterol twice daily, he reports continued symptoms of shortness of breath with mild exertion. Which of the following agents is the most appropriate addition to his current therapy? Systemic corticosteroids Albuterol Tiotropium Roflumilast A 56-year-old man is newly diagnosed with COPD. During the last year he has had two respiratory illnesses that required treatment with antibiotics and an inhaler. His COPD Assessment Test score is 9, and the provider categorizes the COPD as group C. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for this patient? A. Formoterol/glycopyrrolate B. Indacaterol C. Salmeterol/fluticasone D. Tiotropium Which of the following therapeutic options for COPD acts by inhibiting phosphodiesterase-4? Dupilumab Roflumilast Salmeterol Tiotropium A 32-year-old man with a history of opioid addiction presents with cough due to a viral upper respiratory system infection. Which of the following treatments is appropriate symptomatic treatment of cough in this patient? Guaifenesin/dextromethorphan Guaifenesin/codeine Benzonatate Montelukast Which category of allergic rhinitis medications is most likely to be associated with rhinitis medicamentosa (rebound nasal congestion) with prolonged use? Intranasal corticosteroid Intranasal decongestant Leukotriene antagonist Oral antihistamine Match the medications to the Classifications SABA LABA Anticholinergics Aclidinium, iprotropium bromide Albuterol, levalbuterol, terbutaline sulphate, isoproterenol Oldaterol, salmeterol, formoterol Match the medication to classification Inhaled Corticosteroids Leukotriene Receptor Agonists Oral Corticosteroid Prednisone, budesonide Ciclesonide, beclomethason C.Zafirlukast, montelukast 25-year-old woman complains of symptoms of allergic rhinitis, including excessive sneezing and itchy and runny nose. Which of the following medications would be most useful in this case? Cromolyn Fluticasone Ipratropium Montelukast An elderly woman with a recent history of myocardial infarction is seeking a medication to help treat her occasional heartburn. She is currently taking several medications, including aspirin, clopidogrel, simvastatin, metoprolol, and lisinopril. Which of the following drugs should be avoided in this patient? Calcium carbonate Famotidine Omeprazole Nizatidine A 45-year-old woman complains of nightly severe persistent heartburn for the past 3 weeks and an unpleasant, acid-like taste in her mouth. The clinician suspects that she has gastroesophageal reflux disease. Which of the following drugs is most appropriate? An antacid such as aluminum hydroxide Dicyclomine Granisetron Omeprazole A couple celebrating their 30th wedding anniversary are given a trip to Peru to visit Machu Picchu. Because of past experiences while traveling, they ask their doctor to prescribe an agent in case they experience diarrhea. Which of the following drugs would be effective? Omeprazole Loperamide Famotidine Lubiprostone A 27-year-old woman who is 34 weeks’ pregnant is on bed rest and is experiencing mild constipation. Which of the following drugs is most appropriate for her? Castor oil Docusate Mineral oil Loperamide A 25-year-old man with a past medical history of alcohol use disorder presents with IBS-D. He has tried various nonpharmacological approaches and continues to have bothersome cramping, especially during stressful situations. Which of the following may be considered as a treatment option for this patient? Alosetron Eluxadoline Linaclotide Dicyclomine Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) have been associated with which of the following drugs? Metoclopramide Sucralfate Aprepitant Bisacodyl Which of the following agents for gastrointestinal problems is contraindicated in pregnancy? Calcium carbonate Famotidine Lansoprazole Misoprostol A patient presents with a 2-month history of crampy right lower quadrant abdominal pain. Results of endoscopy are consistent with moderate Crohn disease involving the terminal ileum and proximal large intestine. Which of the following drugs is best to initiate in this patient at this time? Extended-release budesonide Delayed-release budesonide Mesalamine enema Ustekinumab When a critical portion of a population is immunized against a contagious disease, most members of the group, even the unimmunized, are protected against that disease because there is little opportunity for an outbreak. This is known as immunity. Which type of immunity is the hepatitis B immune globulin (HBIG)? What is the earliest age for a nurse practitioner recommend invective influenza immunization? immunity is when the immune system produces antibodies in response to an antigen by the vaccine, or by the infection itself. For example, if a person who has never had hepatitis B and recovers from it, that person becomes immune to hepatitis B because of the immune system’s antibody response to the hepatitis B virus. immunity is the immunity that occurs naturally. This. Type of immunity is passed on when an antibody is produced in another host. For example, immunity is passed on from a mother to her infant or by artificial administration of antibody-containing formulations. Match the type of vaccination to the Vaccine Killed Vaccines Live vaccines Toxoid Specific immune Globulins A.dCoemfiponseidtioof lniving microbes that have been weakened or rendered completely a virulent. Bacterial toxin changed to a nontoxic form. Administration causes the recipient’s immune system of manufacture antibodies. A preparation containing whole or fractionated microorganisms. Administration causes the recipient’s immune system to manufacture antibodies directed against to microbe. Composed of whole, dead microbes or isolated microbial components (e.g., the polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenza type b or the surface antigen of hepatitis b. These preparations contain a high concentration of antibodies directed against a specific antigen (e.g., hepatitis B virus) Administration provides immediate passive immunity . These preparations are made from donated blood. Match the Vaccines Bacterial polysaccharide conjugated to protein Live vaccines Toxoid Inactive Viral Antigen Recombinant protein solution DNA-Free virus-like particles. Measles, mumps, and rubella virus vaccine (MMR), Measles, mumps, and rubella, and varicella virus vaccine (MMRV), Varicella virus vaccine, Influenza vaccine (live), Rotavirus vaccine HPV Meningococcal Poliovirus vaccine, HepA, HepB Diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP),Tetanus Haemophilus influenza type B (Hib conjugate vaccine, PCV13, PPSV, and What immunizations are recommended for ages 13-18? What immunizations are recommended for ages 19-26? What immunizations are recommended for ages 27- 49? What immunizations are recommended for ages 50- 59? What immunizations are recommended for ages 60- 64? What immunizations are recommended for ages 65 or older? Recommend Immunization for 4-month-old child Recommend Immunization for 12-month-old child Recommend Immunization for 11-year-old child Recommend Immunization for 63-year-old

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